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(No Mvodel.) A. SHEDLOGK.

BLBGTRIG ARG LAMP.

No. 277,166. Patented May 8,1883.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

A. SHEDLOCK.

ELECTRIC ARG LAMP.

No. 277,166. Patented May 8,1883.

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' NITFD STATES PATENT OFFICFL..

ALFRED SHEDLOCK, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE STAR ELEOTRTO LGHT AND POWER COMPANY OF THE UNITED STATES.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 277,166, dated May 8, 1883.

' Application tiled October 28, 1882. (No model.) p

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALFRED SHnDLocm-ot Brooklyn, county ofKings, State ofNew York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric-Arc Lamps, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to electric-arc lamps, and covers, principally, a new clutch or clamp for controlling the upper-carbon rod, and an electro-magnetic device foroperating the same.

The main object ot' the invention is the application of a simple and effective mechanical device adapted to more perfectly govern and control the movement of the upper-carbon rod,

i 5 to raise the same to form the are, and to allow it to fall as fast as the carbons are consumed, than is accomplished by the devices now in use for this purpose. In this class of lampsviz., those having a smooth rod carrying the zo upper carbon, and by which the regulation of the arc, Sto., is produced by moving the upper carbon only-it is essential to the perfect working of such lamps that the clutch or clamp which holds the smooth rod should free the same at the right time gradually, and when vthe rod is at rest as regards longitudinal movement. To this end I utilize the gripping properties of a spiral spring on asmooth rod, either by making the spring smaller than the rod,

3o thereby causing it to grip by its resilience,

the rod being released by increasing the internal diameter ofthe coils ofthe spring by turning one or both of its ends which is or are free, thus loosening the grip of its various coils on the rod' gradually until the Weight of the rod and carbon is just sufficient to overcome the clamping friction of the remaining coils; or the spiral spring may be made so that its action is reversed-that is, its resilience frees 4o the rod-the diameter of the coils, when the spring is in its normal condition, being larger than the rod-and it is caused to grip the rod by bringing its ends nearer together to reduce the internal diameter of its coils. To obviate the cause for the sudden changing in the are and the jumping ot' the upper carbon in this class of lamps, due to the movement imparted to the upper carbon during the time that the clutch or clamp which holds the smooth rod is 5o being opened to free the rod, I so construct the actuating electro magnetic mechanism which carries and controls the clutch that the distance through which its armature moves greatly exceeds that of the upper carbon, and that at the time ot' the part of the movement 55 ofthe armature when the clutch is being opened to release the smooth rod no perceptible vertical movement ot the rod is caused by that ot' the armature. To accomplish this desirable result the armature or armatures are carried 6e by a plate, which also carries the spiral spring clutch or clampat its central part, through which the smooth rod passes. Said plate is adapted to move helically, which movement may beapplied to it by suspendingitby means of three (3) or more links, and the armatures are so acted upon by the electro-magnets as to cause the plate to partly rotate on its center, said rotation causing the links to' assume an- Y gular positions, and consequently the plate is 7o raised equal to the versed sines of the angles assumed by the links. This raising of the plate separates the upper from the lower carbon, and the spring clutch or clamp is opened when the plate is moving back into its lowest position. Considerable movement of the plate is required to free the smooth rod. The actuation ot' the clutch, as will be readily seen, occurs when the hanging links are moving a few degrees to or from the vertical, as the versed 8o sine of such angular movementis so small that lno perceptible vertical movement is imparted to the upper carbon. I

The invention embraces other improvements in the construction of the lamp, which, with the foregoing improvements, will be fully understood by reference had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1, Sheet 1, represents an arc-lamp embodying my improvements, with the upper 9o part in section. Fig. 2, Sheet 1, shows aside view of the actuatingmechanism,looking from the left at Fig. l. Fig. 3, Sheet l, is a plan view of the armatures taken on line'x x, Fig. l. Fig. 4, Sheet 2, is a view, looking toward the poles of the electro-magnet, also taken on the line x x, Fig. l. Fig. 5, Sheet 2, represent-s the portion ot' the upper-carbon rod, with the spring-clamp thereon enlarged. Fig. 6, Sheet 2, is a detached view of the spring-clamp enroo larged. Fig. 7, Sheet l, is a plan view ofthe lower-carbon-rod-holding frame. Fig. 8, Sheet l, is an elevation ot' the same. Fig. 9, Sheet 2, represents a front view ot' a modication ot' the electro-magnetic device. Fig. l0, Sheet 2, is a side view ot the same. Fig. ll, Sheet 2, is a plan view of the armature taken on the line 1/ y, Fin'. t). Fig. l2, Sheet 2, shows the application ot' a moditied form ot' a spring clamp to electric lamps; and Fig. 13, Sheet 2, shows another modification of the springclamp.

The actuating electro-magnet consists ot' a hollow core, a, provided at its t'ree pole with a polar plate having three inclined projections, a' a a', (see Fig. 4,) and connected to the baseplate a2, to which base-plate are secured the three polar projections a3 ai a3, whose ends are opposite to and inclined like the polar projections a/ a a', and are over the armature-blocks, as shown by the dotted linesin Fig. 3. l,Insulated wire coils are placed on the core a, the one b, being ot' coarse wire,incl nded in the arc-circuit, andthe one b', ot' tine wire, in a derived circuit around the are, connected u p on the differential principle in the ordinarymanner. The coils are shown separate, but maybe wound, thc one over the other, it desired.

The armature consists ot'l three inclined blocks, c c c, secured to or forming apart ofthe plate c. This plate c is suspended by means ot' the three links c2 c2 c2, whose ripper ends are tted on studs on the ring c3, which is held on the polar projections er" a a3 by means of screws cl c4, passingthrough slots in the ring to permitot' the adjustment ofthe armature-blocks c c c in relation to the two sets of polar projections a and c3 ofthe magnet. Through the center ot' the plate c and the core ofthe magnet passes the uppencarboircarrying rod d, provided with an adjustable clutch forholding the upper carbon, d. kIn a recess in the center of the plate c' is placed the spring-clamp c, formedsimply ot' steel wire, which may be either round, square, or llat, coiled in a spiral,so as to grip the rod d with sufficient friction, when in its normal condition, to sustain the rod and the carbon carried thereby. The ends of the spring c are bent radially, as clearly shown at c e2, Figs. 5 and G, and the side of the recess in which the spring is placed in the plate c is cut away for the reception ot' said ends of the spring, and a screw-cap, e5, holds the spring in the recess. On the under side ot' the plate c is held,by means of a screw, a small camplate, c3, against which the end e2 of the spring bears when the end e is being acted on to open the spring to release the rod d. By turning the cam-plate c3 thefree end c of thcspringmay be adjusted to come in contact with the tixed stop j at the right time. This stop j' is also shown adjustable to regulate the time ot' the opening ofthe spring, by beingheld by means of a set-screw on a rod projecting from one of the polar projections a3. The weight of the armature c, plate c, rod d, and carbon dare generally sufficient to bring the end e ot' the spring e with suiiicent pressure against the lixed stop fto open the spring; but to insure such action taking place, and to balance the magnetic action on the armatures, the spring g is provided, one end of which is secured to one ot' the polar projections as andthe other end to an adjusting-screw passing through a bracket on the plate c. By referring again to Figs. 5 and 6 the simplicity ot' this spring-clamp is seen, its cost being nominal, so that no material expense is incurred when from any cause it becomes necessary to place a new one in the lamp, which is done by unscrewing the cap c5, sliding the rod d out of the'plate, and substitutinga new spring for the old one, and replacing the rod d and screw-cap c5. The operY ation ofthe spring may also be readily understood, it being evident that it' the end cuis held and the end c moved away from it the coils expand, and that such expansion is gradual and uniform, freeing the grip ot' the spring on the rod d in a very gentle manner. It is also evident that by modifications ot' the mag netic actuating device the spring may be closed to grip the rod to hold it up, the normal condition ot' the spring their being such as to allow the rod d to fall freely through it. The.

electro-magnet 1s inverted, as shown, and its base-plate a2 secured to the plate It ol" the frame of the lamp. This plate /i is made of insnlatiug material, and the sidebars, fz' t t', are secured thereto and are connected to the negative terminal It. The base-plate ot' the magnet may form the upper plate ot' the frame, in which case the terminals h and h2 and the side bars, t' t' t', would beinsulated in their connections thereto'. The lower part of the frame is a plain socket, i', adapted to hold the lower carbon, d2, by being split, and its sides drawn together by means ot' the screw i2. It has three arms, i3 i" i3, to the ends of which the lower ends ot' the side bars, 'i 'L' fi, are secured by means ot' set-screws, and the holes through which these set-screws pass are enlarged, so that the lower part ot' the trame may be adj usted to set thelowercarbon as nearly as pos sible in line with the upper one.

In another application t'or Letters Patent tiled by me the 7th day ot' October', 1882, is

shown and described an improved i'orm ot' globe for electric lamps, having only one opening, through which the side bars et' the lamp pass. An improved method of supporting such a globe is here shown, consisting of the metal ring] and wire-nettingj', connected to the lower end ot' the ring by the ends ot' the wire being twisted in holes made therein. The` globe 7c is supported only by the netting j', which entirely surrounds it, with the exception of its opening, which is arranged opposite the metal ringj, the whole being held up by means of bayonetslots jZ, t'ormed in the upper edge ol' the ringj, and pinsjjji, projecting from the side bars, t i fi. Said loayonet-slotsj2 hohl the globe irmly in position and enable it to be readily removed 'for the purpose ol' lixin-g the carbons, Src.

To insure perfect fitting ofthe wire-netting on the globe, and to produce perfectand more IOO IOS

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intimate contact between the glass and the wire, the netting is first made vand placed in a suitable mold orformer and the glass then blown therein. This method of providing glass globes with protective wire-netting is not claimed in this application, but will form the subject-matter ot' another application.

The operation of the lamp is as follows: With the lamp at rest, the armature-plate c', with its load, falls down, so that the end e of the spring clamp or clutch e is in contact with the stop f, thereby `allowing the upper carbon to rest on the lower one. As soon as the current is caused to flow through the lamp the poles a' c3 o1' the magnet attract the armatures c c to them and cause the plate c to rotate, (moving the end c of the spring-clamp away from the stop f,) and also to move up, carrying with it the upper carbon, and soforms the arc. The plate c gradually falls back as the resistance ofthe arc increases until the end e of the spring-clutch comes in contact with the stopf. This is the normal working position ofthe parts, and, as before described, .no perceptible movement of the plate c and carbon d takes place while the spring-clamp is being opened, and the action ofthe clamp to free the rod is so gradual and gentlethat carbon falls down to maintain the are constant at asteady and uniform rate of speed, thus avoiding all sudden changes in the arc.

In the modifications illustrated at Figs. 9, l0, and 1I the spring-clamp c is carried bythe plate c', to be operated by means ot the fixed stop f, as before described but the plate, instead of being governed in its helical movement b v means ofsuspension-links, is provided with slotted iiange projections l Z, in which fit pins or small rollers l l', projecting from a frame, l2, attached to the poles of the electromagnet. The electro-magnet consists of two cores, m and m', secured to the plate m2, with the upper-carbon rod d between them. One of these cores is provided with a coarse-wire helix and the other one with a fine-wire helix, connected up on the ordinary differential principle. rEhe armature m3 is secured. to the plate c', and is a straight bar with a central hole, through which the rod d passes, and has two inclined poles, m4m, arranged in proximity to the ends of the cores m and m', to be acted npon by the magnetism induced therein, the helical movement of the armature and plate c being produced by the form ot' the slots in the flange projections l Z.

Fig. l2 illustrates another modification, in which a helical spring may be made to control the carbon rod rl. The spring a is wound open, and grips the rod with sufficient force to sustain it when the spring is raised up by the action of tbe magnet o on the end of the lever a', which carries the spring; but when the lower coil of the spring is allowed to rest on plate o', which is made adjustable, the weight ofthe rod d causes the coils to come closer together, and so enlarges the internal diameter luslide downward. lp is au adjusting-spring to regulate the action ofthe magneto on the lever n.

Another form of helical spring-clamp vis shown at Fig. 13. In this the spring r, in its normal con dition, has barely enough grip on the rod d to sustain it. 'Ihe upper coils are more closely'wo'und than the lower ones, and the two ends are so held as to prevent them turning when the spring is stretched. The upper end is connected to the lever s, to the other side of which is suspended the core t of the axial magnet t, and the lower end is connected and controlled by the adjustable screw-sleeve. I

When the core t is drawn down in the axial magnet t .the spring i' is stretched, which reduces the internal diameter of the coils, causing the upper ones to grip the rod. The lower ones, being free from the rod, act on the lever s against the force of the axial magnet.

Although I have here shown and described several modifications ot' the helical springclamp as applied to electric lamps in which lthe carbon rod feeds by gravity, I wish it understood that I do not claim, broadly, such form of clamp as shown in the application for Letters Patent of John It. Tibbets, No. 72,826, tiled September 27, 1882.

Having now described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is Y 1. 'Ihe combination, with a round rod,of a spiral spring-clamp surrounding the Same and liavingits coils closely wound and its free end or ends projecting at right angles to its axis, and means, substantially as described, whereby tbe free end or ends ofthe spring are moved transversely to its axis, and its coils thereby caused to contract to firmly grip the rod and to expand to release the same, as set forth.

2. In combination, a spiral spring-clamp, a carrying-plate for the same adapted to be moved helically, a smooth rod passed through and upheld by the spring, and a stop to open the spring to free the rod when the plate is in its lowest position, substantially as set forth.

3. In combination, an inverted electro-magnet, armatures attached to a plate supported by hanging links, a smooth carbon-carrying rod passingthrough the plate and magnet,and a clamp carried by the armature-plate, adapted to uphold'the rod, but release the same by coming in contact with a stop when the plate is in its lowest position, substantially as set forth.

at. In combination,the spring-clamp c, rod d, cam-plate e, plate c, adapted to be moved in a helical path, and the stopf, substantially as set forth.

5. In combination, the electro-magnet a a a2 a3 b b', the armatures c, plate c', links e2 c2, and adjustable ring c3, substantially as set forth.

61 In combination, the plate c', provided with an opened side recess, the spring-clamp e,

the rod d, and the screw-cap c5, substantially as set forth.

7. In combination, the electro-magnet a. a'

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a2 a3 b b', the armatures c, plate c', links c2 c2, t', provided with pins j3 i3 j, substantially as and adj ustahlo ring c3, the spring-clamp e, rod set forth. d, and spring g, substantially as set forth. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my 8. In oombination,the side bars,i i, the lowhand, at New York, county and state of New 5 er-carbon holder,having the split socketi and York, this 27th day of October, A. D. 1882.

arms 'i3 i3 3, and adjnstably connected to the side bars, substantially as set forth. ALBEN) SHEDLOGK' 9. In combination, the globe k, Wire-ntting In presence 0f'- j, supporting the globe, metal ringj, provided H. D. WILLIAMS, 1c with bayonet-slots jzjzjl, and the sido bars,t' `i E. G. BAKER. 

